Gearbox Maintenance

The operating mode of gear transmission reducers is characterized by high loads. The specific pressure on the working surfaces of the gear teeth reaches 3,000 MPa (30,000 kgf / cm2). In addition, large dynamic loads arise in them, especially with large total backlash in gear reducers. As a result, gear teeth and bearings wear out.

In the process of operation of the gearboxes, the interface of control drives, seals also wear out, lubricant loses its quality.

The change in oil quality, as in engines, is associated with the processes of oxidation and thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, accumulation of wear products and mechanical impurities, evaporation of light fractions, and the actuation of additives. Therefore, the lubricating properties of the oil deteriorate, which leads to increased wear of parts.

All this makes it necessary to carry out timely and high-quality maintenance of gearboxes, transfer boxes and axles.

With TO-2:
– check the gearbox for leaks;
– Lubricate the bearings of the front and intermediate control rods;
– check and bring to normal the oil level in the crankcase;
– clean the breather from dirt.

At the service station, fasten the linkages of the rods of the remote gearbox control drive and the secondary shaft flange and change the oil in the crankcase (once a year in autumn).

To change the oil in the gearbox, drain the oil in the hot state through two drain holes by unscrewing the plugs located at the bottom of the gearbox housing. To clear a magnetic stopper of a drain opening of dirt and metal particles. Flush the gearbox housing with engine oil, for which pour oil into the gearbox (8.5 l), start the engine with the gearshift lever in the neutral position for 10 minutes, drain the engine oil, screw in the plugs and fill the gear oil to the top mark of the rod. Start the engine with the gearshift lever in neutral for 3 … 5 min. Measure the oil level and top up if necessary.

To check the oil level in the gearbox housing, unscrew the plug with the oil measuring rod from the filler hole, wipe the rod dry and insert it again until the plug stops in the thread without screwing. The oil level should be between the upper and lower marks. If the oil level reaches the bottom mark, add oil through the neck, cleaning it of dust and dirt.

Regardless of the type and principle of operation, any gearbox needs timely maintenance. A thorough diagnosis of the oil level helps not only to correctly determine the condition of the unit, but also to protect the car owner from serious damage to the car in the future. An experienced car enthusiast can change the oil on their own. To do this, it is necessary to unscrew the plugs from the holes for draining and filling in the liquid, and then drain the oil, which has not cooled down after the trip, into a convenient container from the transmission case. Rinse the gearbox with liquid mineral oil. 500-700 ml of a special substance is poured into the gearbox and in the neutral position, the engine is started for 3-5 minutes of idling. After this, the flushing oil must be drained and refilled with fresh gear oil to the lower boundary of the filling hole. Do not change the oil yourself if you are a beginner motorist. Incorrect replacement can lead to serious malfunction of the box. It is better to contact a reliable service center.

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